Lifesaving Evidence
Application of the rules
Swimming
There are
several types of officials, which are needed to manage the competition.
Referee: The referee has full control and
authority over all officials. The referee will enforce all rules and decisions
of FINA and shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the
meet, and event or the competition, the final settlement of which is not
otherwise covered by the rules. The referee takes overall responsibility for
running the race and makes the final decisions as to who wins the competition.
Referees call swimmers to the blocks with short blasts of his or her whistle.
This is the signal for the swimmers to stand next to their blocks. Starters
call missing swimmers if necessary. Then the referee will blow a long whistle
that will tell the swimmers to step on the block. For backstroke otherwise
known as backcrawl events, the long whistle is the signal for the swimmers to
step in the water. The referee will then blow another long whistle, signaling
the swimmers to grab the gutter or the provided block handle (for
backstoke/backcrawl events only). The referee will then hand over control to
the starter.
Starter: The starter has full control of the
swimmers from the time the referee turns the swimmers over to him or /her until
the race commences. A starter sends the swimmers off the blocks and may call a
false start if a swimmer leaves the block before the starter sends them.
Clerk of
course: The clerk of
course assembles swimmers prior to each event, and is responsible for
organizing ("seeding") swimmers into heats based on their times.
Heats are generally seeded from slowest to fastest, where swimmers with no
previous time for an event are assumed to be the slowest.
Timekeepers: There are three timekeepers for
each lane. Each timekeeper takes the time of the swimmers in the lane assigned
to him/her. Unless a video backup system is used, it may be necessary to use
the full complement of timekeepers even when automatic officiating equipment is
used. A chief timekeeper assigns the seating positions for all timekeepers and
the lanes for which they are responsible. The chief timekeeper collects from
the timekeepers in each lane a card showing the times recorded and, if
necessary, inspect their watches. One timer will be timing with a stopwatch,
another recording it down, and one making sure everything is valid.
Inspectors
of turns: One inspector
of turns is assigned to each lane at each end of the pool. Each inspector of
turns ensures that swimmers comply with the relevant rules for turning as well
as the relevant rules for start and finish of the race. Inspectors of turns
shall report any violation on disqualification reports detailing the event,
lane number, and the infringement delivered to the chief inspector of turns who
will immediately convey the report to the referee.
Judges of
Stroke: Judges of
stroke are located on each side of the pool. They ensure that the rules related
to the style of swimming designated for the event are being observed, and
observe the turns and the finishes to assist the inspectors of turns.
Finish
judges Finish
judges determine the order of finish and make sure the swimmers finish in
accordance with the rules (two hands simultaneously for breaststroke and
butterfly, on the back for backstroke, etc.)
If an official catches
a swimmer breaking a rule concerning the stroke he or she is swimming, that
swimmer is said to be disqualified (commonly referred to as a "DQ")
and the swim is not considered valid. The referee can disqualify any swimmer
for any violation of the rules that he personally observes. The referee may
also disqualify any swimmer for any violation reported to him by other
authorised officials. All disqualifications are subject to the decision of the
referee.
Lifesaving
During a
lifeguard competition the official positions are:-
Head
Referee;
Starter;
Head
Marshall;
Head
Scorer;
Head
Timekeeper;
Judge(s);
Equipment
Scrutineer; and
Appeals
Committee Convenor.
Unless
otherwise stipulated the Head Referee will automatically occupy the additional
roles of the Equipment Scrutineer and the Appeals Committee Convenor, provided
that they do not detract from his/her ability to perform the role of Head
Referee.
Below are
the basic rules that are used and followed during a lifesaving competition:-
1.2.2.1. The Head Referee may not occupy
the roles of; Starter; Head Marshall; Head Scorer; or Head Timekeeper whilst
fulfilling the role of Head Referee.
1.2.3 At least two (2) judges shall be
independent from the host university and host branch. At least one (1)
independent judge shall be allocated to the aquatic SERC, and at least
one (1) independent judge shall be allocated to the non-aquatic SERC.
1.2.3.1. Mandatory Guidelines for the
appointment of SERC setters and judges can be found on www.busca.co.uk
1.2.4 The Management Committee will
announce the names of the officials and the two SERC setters in writing, by
email using the University Lifesaving emailing list and anywhere else the
Management Committee decide, no later than seven (7) days before the first day
of the competition. A list of the officials will be available for the duration
of the competition.
1.2.4.1. If the aquatic SERC is to be held in
a 50m pool, the time limit for the SERC will also be announced no later than
seven (7) days before the first day of the competition.
1.2.5 Officials
Code of Conduct:
1.2.5.1. The Head Referee, the Equipment
Scrutineer and all Judges must be approved as Competition Judges by the Royal
Lifesaving Society United Kingdom, or the Surf Lifesaving Association (GB).
1.2.5.1.1.
The Management
Committee may derogate from this rule if they consider that the individual
concerned is a person in good standing within the BULSCA and is capable of
performing the required tasks and responsibilities to an equal standard as an
approved Competition Judge.
1.2.5.2. Individuals may not coach, train, or
similarly assist a competing team in the Simulated Emergency Response
Competition whilst they are in possession of advantageous information (e.g.
having set a future competition incident).
1.2.5.2.1.
An Official found to
be in violation of this rule shall be declared ineligible to act further as an
Official.
1.2.5.2.2.
Officials who hold
seminars or clinics for groups that include competitors are not deemed to be
violating this rule.
1.2.5.3. All Officials must make their
decisions autonomously and independently of each other, unless otherwise
stipulated in these rules.
2.0. Eligibility
and Right to Participate
2.0.1 All competitors must be eligible to
compete in accordance with Section 5.2 of the BULSCA Constitution.
2.0.2 All competitions run under the
auspices of the BULSCA are intended for bona fide lifesavers who have
demonstrated a commitment to lifesaving; that is to say, people who are
lifesavers first, competitors second. The BULSCA considers it unethical to
recruit competitors for their high-performance athletic ability whose
lifesaving credentials are tenuous or merely convenient for purposes of
competition.
2.0.3 Team management personnel and coaches
are the key to preventing such unethical practices and must emphasize “play
within the rules” behaviour. The personal conduct of team managers and coaches
is measured by the BULSCA fair play code in Section 1.1.4.
2.1. Teams
2.1.1 All teams shall be made up of four
individuals, comprising of at least one male and at least one female.
2.1.1.1. All individuals must comply with the
criteria in Section 5.2 of the BULSCA constitution.
2.1.1.2. Should any individual be under the
age of eighteen (18) years on the date of the competition the Management
Committee must be informed no later than seven (7) days before the start
of the competition, in order to allow them time to fully implement the most
recent RLSS (UK) child protection policy.
2.1.2 The Management Committee may decide
to vary the size of the teams, however they may not change the requirement of
having at least one male team member and at least one female team member.
2.1.2.1. If a non-league team is unable to
fulfil these requirements
5. Competition Events
5.0.1 Every competition run under the
auspices of BULSCA will comprise of the following core events:
5.0.1.1. Simulated Emergency Response
Competition in an aquatic setting;
5.0.1.2. Simulated Emergency Response
Competition in a non-aquatic setting;
5.0.1.3. 4x 12m Line Throw Relay;
5.0.1.4. 4x 50m Swim and 50m Tow Relay; and
5.0.1.5. One other relay event chosen by the
Management Committee from Section 5.6.
5.0.2 This list is a minimum requirement.
The Management Committee are free to add as many supplementary events as they
wish to this list.
5.1. Timing
5.1.1 Any timing device that is terminated
by an official shall be considered a watch.
5.1.2 Such manual times must be taken by
three timekeepers. If this is not possible, all available personnel will be
spread evenly across the competition lanes.
5.1.3 Manual timing shall be registered to
1/100 of a second.
5.1.4 Where no automatic equipment is used,
official manual times shall be determined as follows:
5.1.4.1. Three
timekeepers per lane:
5.1.4.1.1.
If two (2) of the
three (3) watches record the same time and the third disagrees, the two (2)
identical times shall be the official time.
5.1.4.1.2.
If all three (3)
watches disagree, the watch recording the intermediate time shall be the
official time.
5.1.4.1.3.
With only two (2)
out of three (3) watches working the average time shall be the official time.
5.1.4.2. Two
timekeepers per lane:
5.1.4.2.1.
If the two (2)
watches record the same time; that time shall be the official time.
5.1.4.2.2.
If the two (2)
watches disagree; the mean time between the two (2) watches shall be the
official time.
5.1.4.2.3.
With only one (1)
out of the two (2) watches working that time shall be the official time.
5.1.4.3. One
timekeeper per lane:
5.1.4.3.1.
The time the watch
records shall be the official time.
5.1.4.3.2.
If the official
times for that heat do not agree with the judge responsible for order of
finishing, the judge’s decision will stand. The mean time of the disputed
places will be the official time.
Assignment 8.1, 8.2, 9.1 and 9.2
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